According to study, “Pruritus Global Clinical Trials Review, H1, 2018” some of the major companies that are currently working in the pruritus are AlbireoPharmaInc, Amorepacific Corp, Asana BioSciences LLC,Amgen Inc, Cara Therapeutics Inc, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co Ltd Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ELORAC Inc, Celgene Corp, Tioga Pharmaceuticals Inc, Hydra Biosciences Inc, GlaxoSmithKline Plc,Menlo Therapeutics Inc, NeuroCycle Therapeutics GmbH, Patagonia Pharmaceuticals LLC, PataraPharmaInc, RDD Pharma Ltd, Saniona AB, , Sienna Biopharmaceuticals Inc, Teikoku Pharma USA Inc,Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co Ltd, TESARO Inc, Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Pruritus is a common symptom, also called itch.It occurs in a diverse range of skin diseases. It appears as a prominent feature of extracutaneous disorders such as systemic, neurologic, and psychiatric diseases and refers to an uncomfortable sensation and emotional experience. It provokes the desire to scratch.It is most commonly associated with a primary skin disorder such as xerosis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, psoriasis, arthropod assault, mastocytosis, dermatitis herpetiformis, or pemphigoid. Pruritus is a common symptom that occurs in a wide variety of clinical settings, such as dermatologic disorders, neuropathic disorders, and systemic or psychiatric disease. In addition to physical effects (eg, skin injury, secondary infections, scarring, and loss of sleep), pruritus can contribute to emotional disturbances such as agitation and depression.
Some symptoms of pruritus are redness, bumps, spots or blisters, dry or cracked skin and leathery or scaly texture to the skin etc. there are some complications are involved in pruritus such as skin injury, infection and scarring. It is more susceptible for many conditions such as seasonal allergies (hay fever, asthma and eczema), diabetes, HIV, cancer and pregnancy.
There are some best ways to prevent pruritus for protecting skin are using skin creams & lotions, using sunscreans regularly, using mild bath soap, taking bath in warm water and avoiding certain fabrics such as wool & synthetics. Some mediating substances are used for pruritus, which are histamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, prostaglandins and others. The most notable itch-mediating substance is histamine.
There are some diagnosis tests are involved for pruritus, which are; blood test, chest x-ray and tests of thyroid liver or kidney function. Blood test provides evidence of an internal condition causing itch, such as iron deficiency.X-rays are used for knowing underlying disease such as enlarged lymph nodes. Some systemic treatments of pruritus are antihistamines, antidepressants, opioid agonists & antagonists and neuroleptics.Antihistamines act by blocking the histamines, also called H1 antagonists.Antidepressants are drugs used for the treatment of major depressive disorder and other conditions such as dysthymia, social anxiety disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, chronic pain and agitation.Opioid drugs include full agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists–measures of intrinsic activity or efficacy: An antagonist is a drug that blocks opioids by attaching to the opioid receptors without activating them, e.g. naltrexone and naloxon. Neuroleptic agents can reduce confusion, delusions, hallucinations, and psychomotor agitation in psychotic patients, also known asantipsychotics. Some other alternative therapies are herbal remedies, nutritional therapy, reflex therapy, and hydrotherapy.
In recent days, pruritus research has elucidated mediators and neuronal pathways involved in itch transmission.This fast emerging knowledge may possibly be translated into new therapies in the near future. In the skin and peripheral nerves, potential mediator and receptor therapeutic targets include the H4 histamine receptor, protease-activated receptor, serine proteases, cathepsin S, peripheral mu- and kappa-opioid receptors, interleukin-31, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and 3, fatty acid amide hydrolase, nerve growth factor and its receptor, acetylcholine, and the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors.
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